沼气利用是发展循环经济的重要内容，也是我国经济绿色转型的内容之一。发展沼气有利于解决农村尤其是新农村建设中的能源和环境污染问题，有利于实现农村、养殖业、工业等领域资源的循环利用。
Biogas utilization is an important part of the development of circular economy, and also one of the contents of the green transformation of China's economy. The development of biogas is conducive to solving the problems of energy and environmental pollution in rural areas, especially in the construction of new rural areas, and to realizing the recycling of resources in rural areas, aquaculture, industry and other fields.
唐山绿源环保沼气工程
Tangshan Lvyuan Environmental Protection Biogas Project
一、利用方式
1、 Utilization mode
目前，沼气的利用方式主要有两种，一是提供燃料；二是用于发电。那么沼气用作燃料与发电的沼气利用效益该如何核算？
At present, there are two main ways to use biogas, one is to provide fuel; The second is for power generation. So how to calculate the benefits of biogas utilization for fuel and power generation?
唐山绿源环保重庆环卫集团综合利用项目
Tangshan Lvyuan Environmental Protection Chongqing Environmental Sanitation Group Comprehensive Utilization Project
1、提供燃料
1. Provide fuel
沼气一般用作供气、供暖或锅炉燃气，一般每立方米纯CH4的发热为34000J，每立方米沼气的发热量约为20800~23600J，即1m?沼气完全燃烧后，能产生相当于0.7kg无烟煤提供的热量。各大规模沼气工程产出的沼气用作燃料所产生的热量详情请参见表1唐山绿源环保沼气净化火炬。
Biogas is generally used for gas supply, heating or boiler gas. Generally, the calorific value per cubic meter of pure CH4 is 34000J, and the calorific value per cubic meter of biogas is about 20800~23600J, that is, 1m? After complete combustion of biogas, it can generate heat equivalent to 0.7kg anthracite. See Table 1 for the details of the heat generated by the biogas produced by various large-scale biogas projects as fuel.
表1、不同规模的沼气工程所产生沼气能量表
Table 1. Biogas energy generated by biogas projects of different scales
2、沼气发电
2. Biogas power generation
沼气发电是指以沼气作为燃料产生动力来驱动发电机产生电能的发电方式，是沼气大型化利用的主要技术之一，我国农村主要以3-10kW沼气机和沼气发电机组为主，而酒厂、糖厂、畜牧场、污水处理厂的大中型环保能源工程，主要以50-600kW的沼气发电机组为主。
Biogas power generation refers to the power generation method that uses biogas as the fuel to generate power to drive the generator to generate electricity. It is one of the main technologies for large-scale utilization of biogas. In China's rural areas, 3-10kW biogas generators and biogas generators are mainly used, while large and medium-sized environmental protection energy projects in wineries, sugar factories, livestock farms, and sewage treatment plants are mainly 50-600kW biogas generators.
据经验，一般沼气CH4含量为60%±5%，可发电1.8~2.6度/Nm?，国产机组发电量一般为1.7~2.0度/Nm?，发电效率30%~35%；进口机组可达2.0~2.3度/Nm?，发电效率35%~42%。
According to experience, the CH4 content of biogas is 60% ± 5%, which can generate 1.8~2.6 degrees/Nm? Of electricity?, The generating capacity of domestic units is generally 1.7~2.0 degrees/Nm?, Power generation efficiency: 30%~35%; Imported units can reach 2.0~2.3 degrees/Nm?, Power generation efficiency is 35%~42%.
值得一提的是对沼气中CH4浓度、洁净度、进气压力、压力波动率、温度数据的高要求是进口机组发电效率高于国产机组的原因之一，因此业主在选择沼气发电机组时，也应该综合考虑产出沼气质量，合理选择发电机组，以免盲目相信进口而造成本土沼气发电工程水土不服的问题。
It is worth mentioning that the high requirements for CH4 concentration, cleanliness, inlet pressure, pressure fluctuation rate and temperature data in biogas are one of the reasons why the power generation efficiency of imported units is higher than that of domestic units. Therefore, when selecting biogas generating units, the owner should also consider the quantity of biogas produced and reasonably select the generating units, so as not to blindly believe in the import and cause the local biogas power generation project to be acclimatized.
计算公式
Calculation formula
每立方标准燃气发电量=燃气热值(MJ/Nm?)÷热耗率(MJ/kW·h)×系数(沼气机组系数一般为0.85~0.90)
Standard gas power generation per cubic meter=gas calorific value (MJ/Nm?) ÷ heat rate (MJ/kW · h) × Coefficient (biogas unit coefficient is generally 0.85~0.90)
机组持续功率下每小时耗气量=额定功率×90%÷每立方标准燃气发电量
Hourly gas consumption at unit continuous power=rated power × 90% ÷ standard gas power generation per cubic meter
表2、发电机效率分析表
Table 2. Generator efficiency analysis
二、举个例子
2、 For example
以1000m?沼气工程为例，沼气做燃料供热和发电的应用如下：
At 1000m? Take biogas engineering as an example, the application of biogas as fuel for heating and power generation is as follows:
1、燃料供热
1. Fuel heating
1000m?的沼气池每天的产气量在300~600m?，冬季在300m?左右，如做加热处理，则可达到450~550m?左右，气温零下38℃加热25℃左右，每天每平方耗气量大为0.5m?，足够供应1000m2房间取暖。
1000m? The daily gas production of the biogas digester is 300~600m?, 300m in winter? About 450~550m? The maximum air consumption per square meter per day is 0.5m? When the temperature is - 38 ℃ to about 25 ℃?, It is sufficient to supply 1000 m2 room for heating.
2、沼气发电
2. Biogas power generation
30kW的发电机每小时的耗气量在15m?，24小时为360m?，每天发电量为576度，每天夏季产气高峰可产气600m?，完全足够。
The gas consumption of 30kW generator per hour is 15m?, 360m? In 24 hours?, The daily power generation is 576 kilowatt-hours, and the daily peak gas production in summer is 600m?, Completely enough.
三、主要领域
3、 Main areas
唐山绿源东营沼气综合利用项目
Tangshan Lvyuan Dongying Biogas Comprehensive Utilization Project
目前，沼气利用主要集中在农村、养殖业、工业等三大领域，是一个充分利用资源实现循环经济的综合性的基础产业。
At present, biogas utilization is mainly concentrated in rural areas, aquaculture and industry. It is a comprehensive basic industry that makes full use of resources to realize circular economy.
1、农村沼气的利用
1. Utilization of rural biogas
农村沼气综合利用能有效的为农民解决生活能源问题，以农村现有的植物秸秆、动物粪便为原料，利用沼气池等设施经过长时间的发酵产生沼气，为农民提供燃气、照明、有机肥料。
The comprehensive utilization of rural biogas can effectively solve the problem of domestic energy for farmers. With the existing plant straw and animal dung as raw materials, biogas digesters and other facilities are used to produce biogas after a long time of fermentation, providing fuel gas, lighting and organic fertilizer for farmers.
2、养殖业沼气的利用
2. Utilization of biogas in aquaculture
畜禽粪便投入沼气工程发酵后产生沼气，粪便经过发酵后，可直接用于作物肥料、养鱼、喂猪、浸种等，促进农业种养一体化。主要利用方式为：一是为周边居民提供燃气，二是通过发电为养殖场提供电力，余电上网。
Livestock and poultry manure is put into biogas engineering for fermentation to produce biogas. After fermentation, the manure can be directly used for crop fertilizer, fish breeding, pig feeding, seed soaking, etc., to promote the integration of agricultural planting and breeding. The main ways of utilization are: first, to provide gas for the surrounding residents; second, to provide electricity for the breeding farm through power generation, and the remaining electricity is online.
3、工业领域沼气的利用
3. Utilization of biogas in industrial field
工业领域的沼气利用主要集中在造纸、酿造、食品加工、污水处理等行业，以工业废弃物为原料进行发酵产生沼气，主要以发电和供热为主，可将沼气用于内燃机发电、大型燃煤锅炉的助燃或替代原煤，使用小型锅炉生产蒸汽等。
The utilization of biogas in the industrial field is mainly concentrated in papermaking, brewing, food processing, sewage treatment and other industries. The biogas is produced by fermentation using industrial waste as raw materials, mainly for power generation and heating. The biogas can be used for power generation by internal combustion engines, combustion support of large coal-fired boilers or replacing raw coal, and steam production by small boilers.
企业二维码
2023-03-10
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