沼气作为一种新兴能源其应用越来越广泛，在我国环保标准中严格规定，利用沼气能源时，沼气气体中H2S 含量不得超过20mg/m??。无论在工业或民用气体中， 都必须尽可能的除去H2S。沼气从厌氧发酵装置产出时，特别是在中温或高温发酵时，携带有大量的H2S。由于沼气中还有大量的水蒸汽存在，水与沼气中的H2S共同作用，加速了金属管道、阀门和流量计的腐蚀和堵塞。另外，H2S燃烧后生成的SO2，与燃烧产物中的水蒸气结合成亚硫酸，使设备的金属表面产生腐蚀，并且还会造成对大气环境的污染，影响人体健康。因此，在使用沼气之前，必须脱除其中的H2S。业内常用的沼气脱硫方法有：干法脱硫、湿法脱硫、生物法脱硫等几种脱硫方法。

　　Biogas, as an emerging energy source, is becoming increasingly widely used. In China's environmental standards, it is strictly stipulated that when using biogas energy, the H2S content in biogas gas should not exceed 20mg/m??. H2S must be removed as much as possible in both industrial and civilian gases. When biogas is produced from anaerobic fermentation equipment, especially during medium or high temperature fermentation, it carries a large amount of H2S. Due to the presence of a large amount of water vapor in biogas, the combined action of water and H2S in biogas accelerates the corrosion and blockage of metal pipelines, valves, and flow meters. In addition, the SO2 generated after the combustion of H2S combines with the water vapor in the combustion products to form sulfurous acid, which corrodes the metal surface of the equipment and also causes pollution to the atmospheric environment, affecting human health. Therefore, before using biogas, H2S must be removed from it. The commonly used biogas desulfurization methods in the industry include dry desulfurization, wet desulfurization, biological desulfurization, and several other desulfurization methods.

　　一、干法脱硫干法脱硫是一种简易、高效、相对低成本的脱硫方式，适合用于沼气量小，硫化氢浓度低的沼气脱硫。一般采用常压氧化铁法脱硫，即在一个容器内放入填料，填料层有活性炭、氧化铁等，厚度0.3~0.8m，气体以0.4~0.6m/min从一端经过容器内填料层，接触时间在2~3min，硫化氢氧化成硫或者硫氧化物，余留在填料层中，净化后的气体从容器另一端排出。再生时，将含硫化铁的脱硫剂取出，撒上水，接触空气使其氧化，即可再生利用。

　　1、 Dry desulfurization is a simple, efficient, and relatively low-cost desulfurization method, suitable for desulfurization of biogas with low methane volume and low hydrogen sulfide concentration. Generally, atmospheric pressure iron oxide method is used for desulfurization, which involves placing fillers in a container with a layer of activated carbon, iron oxide, etc., with a thickness of 0.3-0.8m. The gas passes through the filler layer from one end of the container at a rate of 0.4-0.6m/min, with a contact time of 2-3 minutes. Hydrogen sulfide is oxidized into sulfur or sulfur oxides, which remain in the filler layer. The purified gas is discharged from the other end of the container. When regenerating, remove the desulfurizer containing iron sulfide, sprinkle it with water, and expose it to air to oxidize it, which can be regenerated and utilized.

　　二、湿法脱硫湿法脱硫系统主要包含吸收塔与再生塔这两个部分。浓度在2%至3%之间的碳酸钠溶液从吸收塔顶部向下喷淋，与此同时，沼气自下而上与溶液形成逆流接触，在这个过程中硫化氢被有效去除。当碳酸钠溶液吸收硫化氢之后，会被输送至再生塔，在催化剂的作用下，溶液中的硫磺得以分解，从而使碳酸钠溶液能够再生并被循环利用。另外，还可以采用处理厂的出水来对沼气进行喷淋，以去除其中的硫化氢。在温度处于 20℃且压力为标准大气压的条件下，每1m?水能够溶解2.3m?的硫化氢。

　　2、 The wet desulfurization system mainly consists of two parts: the absorption tower and the regeneration tower. A sodium carbonate solution with a concentration between 2% and 3% is sprayed downwards from the top of the absorption tower. At the same time, biogas forms a counter current contact with the solution from bottom to top, effectively removing hydrogen sulfide during this process. After the sodium carbonate solution absorbs hydrogen sulfide, it will be transported to the regeneration tower. Under the action of the catalyst, the sulfur in the solution is decomposed, allowing the sodium carbonate solution to be regenerated and recycled. In addition, the effluent from the treatment plant can be used to spray biogas to remove hydrogen sulfide. At a temperature of 20 ℃ and a pressure of standard atmospheric pressure, 2.3m ? of hydrogen sulfide can be dissolved in every 1m ? of water.

　　三、生物脱硫生物脱硫工艺由洗涤塔、生物反应器以及沉淀脱水三个部分构建而成。其中最为核心的环节在于噬硫细菌的驯化培育过程。生物脱硫的原理是借助无色细菌把硫化物氧化转化为单质硫，其化学反应式如下所示：通过该反应生成的单质硫会含有少量杂质，这些含杂质的硫可应用于硫酸工业领域。在硫燃烧制备硫酸期间，其中少量残留的生物质会自动被清除。生物脱硫还有一个优势是针对沼气可以运用处理厂的出水来吸收硫化氢，并且吸收液能够与含有高浓度COD的有机废水共同进行治理，如此一来便节省了处理COD所需投入的费用。不过就当前而言，生物脱硫技术在我国的实际应用还比较有限。

　　3、 The biological desulfurization process consists of three parts: a washing tower, a bioreactor, and precipitation dehydration. The most crucial step is the domestication and cultivation process of sulfur eating bacteria. The principle of biological desulfurization is to use colorless bacteria to oxidize sulfides into elemental sulfur, and its chemical reaction formula is as follows: the elemental sulfur generated through this reaction will contain a small amount of impurities, which can be used in the sulfuric acid industry. During the preparation of sulfuric acid by sulfur combustion, a small amount of residual biomass will be automatically removed. Another advantage of biological desulfurization is that it can use the effluent from the treatment plant to absorb hydrogen sulfide for biogas, and the absorption liquid can be treated together with organic wastewater containing high concentration COD, thus saving the cost of COD treatment. However, currently, the practical application of biological desulfurization technology in China is still relatively limited.

　　四、总结

　　4、 Summary

　　在沼气处理中，若沼气里硫化氢含量偏高且气量较大，湿法脱硫法较为适用，此方法不仅能脱除硫化氢，还可去除部分二氧化碳，进而提升沼气中甲烷的比例。倘若场地面积有限，可选择干法脱硫，不过其脱硫剂通常每三个月就需要更换一次。当沼气被用作燃气机等的燃料时，为防止沼气喷嘴或燃气机运行出现问题，沼气还需进行深度净化与过滤，以便清除气体中的固体颗粒。过滤装置包含沙砾过滤器、气体过滤器等。生物脱硫在国内现阶段的应用尚不广泛，主要是因为其投资成本相对较高。

　　In biogas treatment, if the hydrogen sulfide content in biogas is high and the gas volume is large, wet desulfurization method is more suitable. This method can not only remove hydrogen sulfide, but also remove some carbon dioxide, thereby increasing the proportion of methane in biogas. If the site area is limited, dry desulfurization can be chosen, but the desulfurizer usually needs to be replaced every three months. When biogas is used as fuel for gas engines, etc., in order to prevent problems with the biogas nozzle or gas engine operation, biogas also needs to be deeply purified and filtered to remove solid particles from the gas. The filtering device includes gravel filters, gas filters, etc. The application of biological desulfurization is not yet widely used in China at present, mainly due to its relatively high investment cost.

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