随着生物质能源的逐渐普及，越来越多的生物质锅炉在发电、供暖等领域得到应用。但是，由于生物质燃烧时会产生大量的氮氧化物和二氧化硫等有害气体，对环境造成污染。为此，生物质锅炉脱硫脱硝工艺成为一种必要的环保措施。本文将针对生物质锅炉脱硫脱硝工艺流程进行介绍。

With the gradual popularization of biomass energy, more and more biomass boilers are being applied in fields such as power generation and heating. However, due to the production of large amounts of harmful gases such as nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide during biomass combustion, it causes pollution to the environment. Therefore, the desulfurization and denitrification process of biomass boilers has become a necessary environmental protection measure. This article will introduce the desulfurization and denitrification process of biomass boilers.

脱硫工艺流程

Desulfurization process flow

脱硫工艺是将生物质锅炉废气中的二氧化硫与氢氧化钠或氢氧化钙等碱性溶液反应，生成硫酸盐或硫酸二盐等可溶性化合物，并将这些化合物带入废液中排出，从而降低气态污染物的排放。生物质锅炉脱硫工艺流程主要包括湿法脱硫和半干法脱硫两种方式。

The desulfurization process involves reacting sulfur dioxide from biomass boiler exhaust gas with alkaline solutions such as sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide to produce soluble compounds such as sulfates or sulfates, which are then carried into the waste liquid for discharge, thereby reducing the emission of gaseous pollutants. The desulfurization process of biomass boilers mainly includes two methods: wet desulfurization and semi dry desulfurization.

湿法脱硫是将氧化钙或氧化钠水浆与废气接触，使二氧化硫与氢氧化钙或氢氧化钠化合生成硫酸钙或硫酸钠并沉淀在吸收液当中。硫酸钙或硫酸钠与吸收液中的氢离子结合生成硫酸盐，这些硫酸盐随后被抽出液排出，达到脱硫的目的。

Wet desulfurization is the process of contacting calcium oxide or sodium oxide slurry with exhaust gas, allowing sulfur dioxide to combine with calcium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide to form calcium sulfate or sodium sulfate, which is then precipitated in the absorption solution. Calcium sulfate or sodium sulfate combines with hydrogen ions in the absorption solution to form sulfates, which are then extracted and discharged to achieve desulfurization.

半干法脱硫主要是通过喷射水或吸收液来将气态污染物转化为颗粒物，从而降低气态污染物的排放。该方法结构简单、运作稳定，但烟气处理后的废物处理难度高，成本也更高。

Semi dry desulfurization mainly converts gaseous pollutants into particulate matter by spraying water or absorbing liquid, thereby reducing the emission of gaseous pollutants. This method has a simple structure and stable operation, but the difficulty and cost of waste treatment after flue gas treatment are higher.

脱硝工艺流程

Denitrification process flow

脱硝是利用还原剂或催化剂，将废气中的氮氧化物还原成氮气和水等无害物质，从而达到减少氮氧化物排放的目的。生物质锅炉脱硝工艺主要采用选择性催化还原法（SCR）和非选择性催化还原法（SNCR）两种方式。

Denitrification is the use of reducing agents or catalysts to reduce nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas into harmless substances such as nitrogen and water, thereby achieving the goal of reducing nitrogen oxide emissions. The denitrification process of biomass boilers mainly adopts two methods: selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and non selective catalytic reduction (SNCR).

选择性催化还原法主要是将氨水喷入烟道脱硝装置的反应器中，通过催化剂将氨和烟气中的氮氧化物反应生成氮、氧、水和二氧化碳等气体。SCR方法脱硝效率高，能有效降低氮氧化物排放，但需要额外加装氨水储存及供给设备，成本较高。

The selective catalytic reduction method mainly involves injecting ammonia water into the reactor of the flue gas denitrification device, and using a catalyst to react ammonia with nitrogen oxides in the flue gas to produce gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide. The SCR method has high denitrification efficiency and can effectively reduce nitrogen oxide emissions, but it requires additional installation of ammonia water storage and supply equipment, which is costly.

非选择性催化还原法是将尿素水溶液或脱氮剂喷入烟道高温区域，通过高温颗粒的反应将应变结构中含氮的物质，如氨、脲等分子反应成氨气，再与烟气中的氮氧化物反应生成无害物质。SNCR方法脱硝效率低，但成本较低，适用于小型生物质锅炉。

The non selective catalytic reduction method is to spray urea solution or denitrification agent into the high-temperature area of the flue, and through the reaction of high-temperature particles, nitrogen-containing substances in the strain structure, such as ammonia, urea and other molecules, are reacted into ammonia gas, which then reacts with nitrogen oxides in the flue gas to generate harmless substances. The SNCR method has low denitrification efficiency but low cost, making it suitable for small biomass boilers.

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