一、化学吸收系统故障

1、 Chemical absorption system malfunction

（一）吸收剂失效

（1） Absorbent failure

在沼气脱硫的化学吸收系统中，吸收剂失效是常见问题。判断吸收剂是否需要再生，有着明确的标准：

In the chemical absorption system of biogas desulfurization, the failure of absorbent is a common problem. There are clear criteria for determining whether the absorbent needs to be regenerated:

氧化铁作为吸收剂时，当硫容超过 30wt%，可采用曝气再生的方法，曝气时长为 4 小时；

When iron oxide is used as an absorbent, when the sulfur content exceeds 30wt%, the method of aeration regeneration can be used, with an aeration duration of 4 hours;

对于 NaOH 溶液，若其 pH 值低于 8.5，就需要补加浓度为 20% 的新液；

For NaOH solution, if its pH value is below 8.5, a new solution with a concentration of 20% needs to be added;

活性炭作为吸收剂，一旦穿透硫量大于 15mg/g，则需要通过 350℃的热再生方式恢复其活性 。

Activated carbon, as an absorbent, needs to be restored to its activity through thermal regeneration at 350 ℃ once its sulfur penetration exceeds 15mg/g.

（二）设备腐蚀

（2） Equipment corrosion

设备腐蚀同样影响着化学吸收系统的正常运行。为此，制定了一套全面的防护方案：

Equipment corrosion also affects the normal operation of chemical absorption systems. For this purpose, a comprehensive protection plan has been developed:

采用厚度不小于 3mm 的玻璃钢内衬，增强设备的防腐蚀能力；

Adopting fiberglass lining with a thickness of not less than 3mm to enhance the corrosion resistance of the equipment;

对于关键部件，选用 316L 不锈钢材质，提升其耐腐蚀性；

For key components, 316L stainless steel material is selected to enhance their corrosion resistance;

安装阴极保护系统，并将电位控制在 - 0.85V，有效降低设备被腐蚀的风险。

Install cathodic protection system and control the potential at -0.85V to effectively reduce the risk of equipment corrosion.

二、工艺控制问题

2、 Process control issues

（一）硫泡沫处理困难

（1） Difficulty in handling sulfur foam

硫泡沫处理困难会阻碍沼气脱硫系统的高效运行。为解决这一问题，可采取以下优化措施：

The difficulty of sulfur foam treatment will hinder the efficient operation of biogas desulfurization system. To solve this problem, the following optimization measures can be taken:

添加 50ppm 的有机硅类消泡剂，减少泡沫产生；

Add 50ppm silicone defoamer to reduce foam generation;

改进浮选装置，采用溶气气浮工艺，提高硫泡沫分离效率；

Improve flotation device and adopt dissolved air flotation process to improve sulfur foam separation efficiency;

安装自动排硫系统，通过液位联动实现硫泡沫的自动排出，提升处理自动化程度。

Install an automatic sulfur removal system to realize the automatic discharge of sulfur foam through liquid level linkage and improve the degree of processing automation.

（二）尾气 H2S 超标

（2） Excessive H2S in exhaust gas

当尾气中 H2S 出现超标情况时，需及时采取应急处理措施：

When H2S exceeds the standard in the exhaust gas, emergency measures should be taken in a timely manner:

迅速启动备用吸收塔，增加吸收处理能力；

Quickly activate the backup absorption tower to increase absorption processing capacity;

将循环量加大 30%，增强对 H2S 的吸收效果；

Increase the circulation by 30% to enhance the absorption effect of H2S;

对在线分析仪进行检查，校准零点，确保检测数据的准确性，以便更好地控制脱硫过程。

Inspect the online analyzer, calibrate the zero point, and ensure the accuracy of the detection data to better control the desulfurization process.

三、运行维护要点

3、 Key points of operation and maintenance

（一）日常监测项目

（1） Daily monitoring items

日常监测是保障沼气脱硫系统稳定运行的重要环节，各参数有着严格的控制范围与检测频率：

Daily monitoring is an important part of ensuring the stable operation of the biogas desulfurization system, and each parameter has strict control range and detection frequency:

入口 H2S 浓度需实时监测，控制在小于 5000ppm；

The concentration of H2S at the inlet needs to be monitored in real-time and controlled below 5000ppm;

出口 H2S 浓度每小时检测一次，确保其低于 20ppm；

The H2S concentration at the outlet should be detected once every hour to ensure that it is below 20ppm;

系统压差每班检测一次，要求小于 15kPa。

The system pressure difference should be checked once per shift, with a requirement of less than 15kPa.

（二）关键设备维护

（2） Key equipment maintenance

关键设备的维护关乎系统的长期稳定运行：

The maintenance of critical equipment is crucial for the long-term stable operation of the system

洗涤塔：每月检查填料，保证破损率低于 5%；每个季度清洗喷头，确保其流量偏差不超过 3%。

Washing tower: Check the packing every month to ensure that the damage rate is below 5%; Clean the nozzle every quarter to ensure that its flow deviation does not exceed 3%.

再生槽：每周检测氧化还原电位（ORP），需维持在 + 100mV 以上；每半年更换曝气管，当曝气管通量下降超过 15% 时，及时进行更换 。

Regeneration tank: Check the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) weekly and maintain it above+100mV; Replace the aeration tube every six months, and promptly replace it when the aeration tube flux decreases by more than 15%.

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