生物脱硫原理，简单地说，就是在温和的条件下利用各种适宜的微生物菌群将化合态或有机态的硫释放出来的过程，主要利用的是特殊的微生物对含硫的环境污染或者含硫矿石有独特的消化能力，将原本存在于煤矿中的多种化合物的不同形态的硫转化成为水溶性的化合物；类似的，煤炭的微生物脱硫生物法是利用微生物选择性地氧化煤中的有机硫和无机硫，从而达到除去煤炭中硫的目的，其优点是微生物方法具有专一性和高效性，能够选择性地脱除煤炭中结构复杂、散布粒度很细的无机硫，同时又能脱除煤炭中的部分有机硫，而且煤炭脱硫的早期研究中所采用的物理和化学脱硫方法，步骤简单，需要在高温、高压下，使用腐蚀性过滤剂等较为严格的条件下进行脱硫，而且其所采用的处理设备比较复杂，容易产生二次污染；和传统的物理化学法相比，生物脱硫技术具有可在常温、常压的条件下进行，生产成本低耗能少，专一性强，二次污染小的优点。 

　　The principle of biological desulfurization, in simple terms, is the process of releasing sulfur in its chemical or organic form using various suitable microbial communities under mild conditions. It mainly utilizes the unique digestive ability of special microorganisms to deal with sulfur-containing environmental pollution or sulfur-containing ores, converting the different forms of sulfur originally present in coal mines into water-soluble compounds; Similarly, the microbial desulfurization biological method for coal utilizes microorganisms to selectively oxidize organic and inorganic sulfur in coal, thereby achieving the goal of removing sulfur from coal. Its advantages are that microbial methods have specificity and high efficiency, and can selectively remove structurally complex and finely dispersed inorganic sulfur in coal, while also removing some organic sulfur in coal. In addition, the physical and chemical desulfurization methods used in early research on coal desulfurization were simple in steps, requiring strict conditions such as high temperature and high pressure, and the use of corrosive filters for desulfurization. Moreover, the processing equipment used is complex and prone to secondary pollution; Compared with traditional physical and chemical methods, biological desulfurization technology has the advantages of being able to be carried out under normal temperature and pressure conditions, with low production costs, low energy consumption, strong specificity, and minimal secondary pollution. one

　　黄铁矿硫的脱除机理

　　Mechanism of sulfur removal from pyrite

　　煤炭中的硫有60%~70%为黄铁矿硫，30%~40%为有机硫，而硫酸盐硫的含量极少而且容易洗脱除去，黄铁矿的微生物脱除，是利用脱硫微生物的氧化分解作用来降解煤炭中的硫，一般认为微生物脱除黄铁矿中硫的机理主要有两个方面：第一个方面为黄铁矿主要存在于潮湿并且氧气充足的环境中，这是将黄铁矿氧化为硫酸根和Fe，并放出热量；第二个方面为当煤炭环境中存在某些嗜酸硫杆时，黄铁矿的氧化反应速率将大大提高。微生物氧化黄铁矿的作用方式可以分为直接作用和间接作用两种，微生物直接氧化机理为微生物能够直接溶化煤炭中的黄铁矿，即煤炭中裸露的原煤与空气接触时，经微生物的生化作用，发生氧化反应4FeS2+15O2+2H2O→4H++8SO42-+4Fe3+，在此过程中微生物细菌起催化剂作用，这些微生物细菌不断将浸出液中的Fe氧化为Fe，微生物作用具有高效性，因此Fe与黄铁矿能够迅速反应，从而与物理、化学脱硫工艺相比，在相同的反应时间内能够生成更多的Fe2+和Fe3+，FeS2+7Fe(SO4)3+8H2O=15FeSO4+8H2SO4；微生物间接氧化作用主要是指在微生物脱硫的过程中，微生物催化氧化黄铁矿生成硫酸根和Fe3+，该Fe3+作为强氧化剂又与煤炭中的金属硫化物发生反应，将黄铁矿中的硫氧化为硫酸根或元素硫。理论上是将这两种作用分开阐述，但是在实际微生物脱硫的过程中是同时存在的，两种作用共同将煤炭中的黄铁矿氧化溶解，将煤炭中的可燃硫转变为不可燃硫，依据复合作用理论的观点，微生物氧化黄铁矿过程中，既有微生物的直接作用，又有通过Fe3+氧化的间接作用。

　　60%~70% of the sulfur in coal is pyrite sulfur, 30%~40% is organic sulfur, and the content of sulfate sulfur is very low and easy to wash away. Microbial removal of pyrite is achieved by utilizing the oxidative decomposition of desulfurization microorganisms to degrade sulfur in coal. It is generally believed that the mechanism of microbial removal of sulfur from pyrite mainly has two aspects: the first aspect is that pyrite mainly exists in humid and oxygen rich environments, which oxidizes pyrite into sulfate ions and Fe, and releases heat; The second aspect is that when certain acidophilic sulfur rods are present in the coal environment, the oxidation reaction rate of pyrite will be greatly increased. The mechanism of microbial oxidation of pyrite can be divided into two types: direct and indirect. The mechanism of microbial direct oxidation is that microorganisms can directly dissolve pyrite in coal, that is, when exposed raw coal in coal comes into contact with air, the biochemical reaction of microorganisms occurs, resulting in an oxidation reaction of 4FeS2+15O2+2H2O → 4H++8SO42-+4Fe3+. During this process, microbial bacteria act as catalysts, continuously oxidizing Fe in the leachate to Fe. Microbial action is efficient, so Fe and pyrite can react quickly, generating more Fe2+and Fe3+in the same reaction time compared to physical and chemical desulfurization processes. FeS2+7Fe (SO4) 3+8H2O=15FeSO3 4+8H2SO4; Microbial indirect oxidation mainly refers to the catalytic oxidation of pyrite by microorganisms during the process of microbial desulfurization, generating sulfate ions and Fe3+. This Fe3+acts as a strong oxidant and reacts with metal sulfides in coal, oxidizing sulfur in pyrite to sulfate ions or elemental sulfur. In theory, these two effects are explained separately, but in the actual process of microbial desulfurization, they coexist. The two effects jointly oxidize and dissolve pyrite in coal, converting combustible sulfur into non combustible sulfur. According to the theory of composite effects, in the process of microbial oxidation of pyrite, there are both direct effects of microorganisms and indirect effects through Fe3+oxidation.

　　微生物浸出脱硫法

　　Microbial leaching desulfurization method

　　该方法是利用微生物细菌对煤炭进行脱硫的一种处理手段，顾名思义采用的工艺过程为浸出法工艺过程，为了提高煤炭脱硫效率，对于煤炭脱硫菌进行浸出前的预处理也尤为重要，常用的预处理技术为微波技术，在矿业领域包括煤炭行业中，将生物磁技术与煤炭的生产加工相结合就形成了磁生物技术。磁生物技术主要研究磁场或磁化水等磁化作用对矿业微生物的生物效应。对脱硫细菌进行前处理，磁场可在很宽的范围内对生物产生影响，在一定磁化培育条件下的煤系氧化亚铁硫杆菌对煤样浸出的最大脱硫率大，具有更好的脱除煤中黄铁矿硫的效果。

　　This method is a treatment method that uses microbial bacteria to desulfurize coal. As the name suggests, the process used is the leaching process. In order to improve the efficiency of coal desulfurization, pre-treatment of coal desulfurization bacteria before leaching is particularly important. The commonly used pre-treatment technology is microwave technology. In the mining industry, including the coal industry, the combination of bio magnetic technology and coal production and processing forms magnetic biotechnology. Magnetic biotechnology mainly studies the biological effects of magnetic fields or magnetized water on mining microorganisms. Pre treatment of desulfurization bacteria can be affected by a magnetic field over a wide range of organisms. Under certain magnetization cultivation conditions, coal bearing iron oxidizing sulfur oxidizing bacteria have a higher maximum desulfurization rate for coal sample leaching and better removal of pyrite sulfur from coal.

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