垃圾填埋场、污水处理厂、养殖场、餐厨垃圾处理厂——这些城市和乡村的“废弃物集散地”，正在变成一座座“绿色气田”。沼气提纯技术，正是从这些看似肮脏的废弃物中“炼”出清洁天然气的“魔法”。

Landfills, sewage treatment plants, livestock farms, and kitchen waste treatment plants - these urban and rural "waste distribution centers" are becoming "green gas fields". Biogas purification technology is the "magic" that "refines" clean natural gas from these seemingly dirty wastes.

沼气提纯，又称生物质气提纯，是指从沼气中去除二氧化碳、硫化氢、水蒸气等杂质，以提高甲烷浓度的工艺过程，使其符合天然气标准。该过程通常包括净化（去除微量有害组分如H?S、H?O）和提纯（脱除CO?）两个步骤。经提纯后的生物天然气甲烷浓度可提升至97%以上，产品气需符合《生物天然气》（GB/T 41328-2022）等国家标准，可用于车用燃气、管道天然气、热电联产及化工原料等场景。

Biogas purification, also known as biomass gas purification, refers to the process of removing impurities such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and water vapor from biogas to increase methane concentration and make it meet natural gas standards. This process typically involves purification (removal of trace harmful components such as H2S, H2S)? O) There are two steps: purification (removing CO?). The methane concentration of purified biogas can be increased to over 97%. The product gas must comply with national standards such as "Bionatural Gas" (GB/T 41328-2022) and can be used in scenarios such as automotive gas, pipeline natural gas, cogeneration, and chemical raw materials.

沼气提纯的主流技术包括四大路线。水洗法技术成熟，可同时去除CO?和H?S，甲烷回收率高，但需大量工业用水，废水需处理，设备存在腐蚀风险。变压吸附法（PSA） 利用吸附剂在不同压力下对气体组分吸附能力的差异实现分离。膜分离法凭借低能耗（单位能耗约0.3-0.4kWh/Nm?）和模块化优势，2025年全球新增装机容量中占比首次超过50%，取代传统PSA成为主流路线。化学吸收法（如有机胺吸收）在水洗副产物的资源化利用方面取得突破。

The mainstream technologies for biogas purification include four major routes. The water washing method technology is mature and can simultaneously remove CO? And H? S, with high methane recovery rate. However, it requires a large amount of industrial water, wastewater treatment, and equipment corrosion risk. The pressure swing adsorption (PSA) method utilizes the difference in adsorption capacity of adsorbents for gas components at different pressures to achieve separation. Membrane separation method relies on low energy consumption (unit energy consumption of about 0.3-0.4 kWh/Nm)? ）With the advantage of modularity, the proportion of newly installed capacity worldwide will exceed 50% for the first time in 2025, replacing traditional PSA as the mainstream route. Chemical absorption methods, such as organic amine absorption, have made breakthroughs in the resource utilization of water washing by-products.

沼气提纯的技术路线选择取决于项目规模和工况。水洗+PSA组合适合日处理量小于500方的场景，甲烷回收率稳定在92.3%～94.7%。中空纤维膜分离对高湿、含硅氧烷沼气适应性非常强。胺法吸收+低温精馏只推荐给日处理大于2000方且已配套LNG储罐的园区。值得关注的是，中国本土膜组件的国产化率已从2020年的18%提升至2025年的42%，显著降低了项目单位投资成本。

The choice of technical route for biogas purification depends on the project scale and operating conditions. The combination of water washing and PSA is suitable for scenarios with a daily processing capacity of less than 500 cubic meters, and the methane recovery rate remains stable at 92.3% to 94.7%. Hollow fiber membrane separation has the strongest adaptability to high humidity and siloxane containing biogas. Amine absorption and low-temperature distillation are only recommended for parks with a daily processing capacity of over 2000 cubic meters and equipped with LNG storage tanks. It is worth noting that the localization rate of domestic membrane components in China has increased from 18% in 2020 to 42% in 2025, significantly reducing the unit investment cost of projects.

沼气提纯的产业实践正在加速推进。维尔利集团在山东日照的生物天然气代表项目，收集生活垃圾渗滤液处理过程中产生的沼气约273万立方米/年，采用“湿法脱硫+精脱硫+变压吸附提纯”工艺路线，产出高品质生物天然气约203万立方米/年，产品气质优于国家《天然气》（GB17820-2018）二类标准，预计每年可减少碳排放约6800吨。从垃圾填埋场到城市燃气管网，沼气提纯正在将“废弃物”变成“绿色气”，将“环境负担”转化为“能源资产”。

The industrial practice of biogas purification is accelerating. The Weili Group's benchmark project for bio natural gas in Rizhao, Shandong Province, collects approximately 2.73 million cubic meters of biogas generated during the treatment of domestic waste leachate. It adopts the process route of "wet desulfurization+fine desulfurization+pressure swing adsorption purification" to produce high-quality bio natural gas of approximately 2.03 million cubic meters per year. The product quality is superior to the national "Natural Gas" (GB17820-2018) Class II standard, and it is expected to reduce carbon emissions by about 6800 tons per year. From landfills to urban gas pipelines, biogas purification is turning "waste" into "green gas" and transforming "environmental burdens" into "energy assets".

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