在沼气提纯的江湖中，膜分离、变压吸附（PSA）和水洗法是当之无愧的“三巨头”。三者各怀绝技、各有所长，共同构成了沼气提纯的技术版图。2026年，这场“三国演义”正在上演新的篇章。

In the field of biogas purification, membrane separation, pressure swing adsorption (PSA), and water washing are undoubtedly the "three giants". The three have their own unique skills and strengths, together forming the technical map of biogas purification. In 2026, a new chapter is unfolding in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms".

膜分离——后起之秀，势不可挡。 膜分离技术是近年来崛起的提纯路线。它利用不同气体分子在膜材料中渗透速率不同的原理，实现甲烷与二氧化碳的选择性分离。膜技术的优势在于能耗低（单位能耗约0.3-0.4kWh/Nm?）、模块化程度高、运营维护简便。2025年，膜分离法在新增项目中的占比达到47%，较2021年提升19个百分点。中国企业在膜材料国产化上取得突破，国产化率从2020年的18%提升至2025年的42%。膜技术作为一种、环保的分离技术，在沼气提纯领域展现出巨大的应用潜力。

Membrane separation - a rising star, unstoppable. Membrane separation technology is the fastest rising purification route in recent years. It utilizes the principle that different gas molecules have different permeation rates in membrane materials to achieve selective separation of methane and carbon dioxide. The advantage of membrane technology lies in its low energy consumption (unit energy consumption of about 0.3-0.4 kWh/Nm)? ）High modularity and easy operation and maintenance. By 2025, the proportion of membrane separation method in new projects will reach 47%, an increase of 19 percentage points compared to 2021. Chinese companies have made breakthroughs in the localization of membrane materials, with the localization rate increasing from 18% in 2020 to 42% in 2025. Membrane technology, as an efficient and environmentally friendly separation technology, has shown great potential for application in the field of biogas purification.

PSA——老牌劲旅，稳扎稳打。 变压吸附法是沼气提纯的传统主流技术，利用吸附剂在不同压力下对CO?和CH?吸附能力的差异实现分离。PSA技术成熟、可靠性高，在中小规模项目中应用广泛。但近年来其市场份额有所下降，2025年占比降至28%。不过，PSA并未“退场”——在中小型沼气工程中，PSA仍是非常具性价比的选择之一。维尔利集团的代表项目采用“湿法脱硫+精脱硫+PSA提纯”工艺路线，运行稳定、产品气质优良。

PSA - a veteran powerhouse, steadily advancing. Pressure swing adsorption is a traditional mainstream technology for biogas purification, which utilizes the difference in adsorption capacity of adsorbents for CO and CH at different pressures to achieve separation. PSA technology is mature, highly reliable, and widely used in small and medium-sized projects. But in recent years, its market share has declined to 28% by 2025. However, PSA has not "retired" - in small and medium-sized biogas projects, PSA is still one of the most cost-effective choices. The benchmark project of Weili Group adopts the process route of "wet desulfurization+fine desulfurization+PSA purification", with stable operation and excellent product quality.

水洗法——老将不老，坚守阵地。 水洗法是非常早投入工业应用的沼气提纯技术之一，利用甲烷和二氧化碳在水中溶解度的差异实现分离。水洗法的优势在于技术成熟、可同时去除CO?和H?S、甲烷回收率高。2025年水洗法仍保持约20%的市场份额。但水洗法需要大量工业用水，废水需处理，设备存在腐蚀风险，在一定程度上限制了其应用范围。

Washing method - the veteran is not old, hold the ground. The water washing method is one of the earliest industrial applications of biogas purification technology, which utilizes the difference in solubility between methane and carbon dioxide in water to achieve separation. The advantage of water washing method lies in its mature technology, the ability to simultaneously remove CO? And H? S, and high methane recovery rate. In 2025, the water washing method will still maintain a market share of about 20%. However, the water washing method requires a large amount of industrial water, wastewater treatment, and equipment corrosion risk, which to some extent limits its application scope.

“三巨头”之外的新势力。 化学吸收法（胺法）在水洗副产物的资源化利用方面取得突破。低温分离技术也在特定场景中展现出潜力。更前沿的是，2026年1月，“沼气全碳定向转化制绿色甲醇关键技术与中试验证”项目千吨级中试装置成功投运，该技术通过混合重整造气耦合催化加氢，可将沼气中的甲烷和二氧化碳转化为绿色甲醇，实现了碳资源的近100%转化。

New forces outside of the 'Big Three'. Chemical absorption method (amine method) has made breakthroughs in the resource utilization of water washing by-products. Low temperature separation technology has also shown potential in specific scenarios. More cutting-edge is that in January 2026, the 1000 ton pilot plant of the "Key Technology and Pilot Test Certificate for Carbon Directed Conversion of Biogas to Green Methanol" project was successfully put into operation. This technology combines mixed reforming and catalytic hydrogenation to convert methane and carbon dioxide in biogas into green methanol, achieving nearly 100% conversion of carbon resources.

膜分离、PSA、水洗——“三巨头”的竞争远未结束。在沼气提纯的赛道上，没有“非常好”的技术，只有“非常匹配”的工况。正是这种多元技术的并存与竞争，推动着沼气提纯产业不断向前奔跑，将越来越多的“废气”变成“绿气”。

Membrane separation PSA、 The competition among the "three giants" in water washing is far from over. On the track of biogas purification, there is no "best" technology, only the "most suitable" working conditions. It is the coexistence and competition of diverse technologies that drive the biogas purification industry forward, turning more and more "waste gas" into "green gas".

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